Multi components of tablets ( Disintegrates )
Definition:
They are materials that are included in the formulation of the tablets to enhance the penetration of water and disperse the base material of the drug form in the dissolution liquids to allow the drug particles to be released from the tablets.
Types of Disintegrants:
1) Starch:
Concentration: 5-15%
The mechanism that works in the disintegration of the drug using starch: swelling
2) Croscarmellose sodium ( Modified cellulose):
This cellulose is crosslinked to make it insoluble.
The mechanism that works in the disintegration of the drug using Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose: swelling and wicking.
Commercially available as: AcDiSol
Concentrate added during the tablet manufacturing process:
1- Direct Compression: 1-3%
2- Wet Granulation: 2-4%
3) Sodium Starch glycolate:
Sodium carboxymethyl starch crosslinking reduces solubility.
The mechanism that works in the disintegration of the drug using Sodium carboxymethyl starch: swelling
4) Super disintegrants:
A concentration of 4% is added to the tablets, and it is available commercially under the name: Primojel and Explotab
Main mechanism and factors affecting disc disintegration:
1) wicking:
Disintegrants does not occur through sweeling but rather disintegrating occurs through porosity and capillary processes.
The disintegration particles themselves work to enhance the porosity of the tablets to provide pathways in the tablets to allow the liquids to penetrate the tablets and passage of liquids through the capillary inside the tablets, which leads to a rupture between the components and particles of the drug in the tablet, and finally the tablet disintegrates and the drug is released.
2) swelling:
Such components cause an increase in the internal pressure of the drug tablets, which leads to overcoming the adhesion of the rest of the excipients in the tablets, and eventually all the components of the tablets will separate from each other and the drug will be released.