Heart Failure ( Definition, Types and Etiology)
Definition:
It is a clinical syndrome that can result from the weakness of the heart to adequately pump blood to parts of the body, and this occurs due to a problem in the ventricle fill, blood, or eject, and this leads to a lack of blood loaded with oxygen and nutrients to the body, and this disease eventually ends in death of some percentage. 50% of patients in less than five years, and it causes a major problem in the world, so the patient must adhere to either treatment or healthy habits.
Types of heart failure:
There are two types of heart failure, one of which is called systolic heart failure, and this occurs as a result of the inability of the ventricle to contract, and the second type is called diastolic heart failure, and this occurs as a result of the inability of the ventricle to expand and receive an adequate amount of blood in the heart.
Etiology:
1- In the first type (systolic heart failure): the inability of the heart to contract adequately, and this is because the heart muscle becomes thin and weak, which makes the heart muscle contraction difficult.
2- In the second type (diastolic heart failure): the inability of the heart to diastole sufficiently, and this results because the heart muscle has become thick and stiff, and therefore the heart muscle cannot diastole to receive the appropriate amount of blood from the body.
3- Also, retention of blood and fluids in the pericardial sac can result in the inability of the heart to pump or receive blood effectively, and this is called cardiac tamponade.
What are the consequences of heart failure in relation to Etiology:
1- systolic heart failure:
A)Reduction in muscle mass
B) Dilated cardiomyopathies
C) Pressure overload (e.g., systemic or pulmonary hypertension )
D) Volume overload
2- diastolic heart failure:
A) Increased ventricular stiffness
B) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C) Infiltrative myocardial diseases
D) Pericardial disease
Medicines that affect or lead to heart failure ( Etiology):
1- sodium and water retention:
- NSAIDS
- COX-2 inhibitors am
- Rosiglitazone
- Glucocorticoids
- Androgens
- Estrogens
- Salicylates
2-Negative Inotropic Effect:
- Antiarrhythmics
- Beta-Blockers
- Calcium channel blockers
- Itraconazole
- Terbinafine
3-Cardiotoxic:
- Doxorubicin
- Daunomycined
- Cyclophosphamide
These drugs affect both types of heart failure, type 1 (systolic heart failure) and type 2 (diastolic heart failure).