Anticoagulants drugs for atherosclerosis
Classification:
- Thrombin antagonist:
Apixaban , Argatroban , Bivalirudin , dabigatran , Dalteparin , Desirudin , Enoxaparin , Fondaparinux , Heparin , Rivaroxaban ,Tinzaparin
- Vit K antagonist :
Warfarin
Mechanism of action:
- There are 12 factors in the blood called the coagulant, which control blood flow and clot it.
- For example, when a wound occurs, factor number 3 transmits a signal to factor number 7, and then from 7 to 8, up to 10. It is considered the most important factor for controlling blood flow.
- Factor 1 Fibrinogen, the drug no works on it because this is considered a key and a closure of the system .
- (when exposed to a snake sting, the poison works specifically on this factor, so the system of liquidity and coagulation is completely disrupted) When a cut occurs outside the blood vessel, the fibrinogen is converted into active, which works to intertwine the vessels and platelets to work clots for bleeding.
- Heparin works on the two most important factors (Xa, IIa) responsible for inhibiting clotting factors, so heparin is given mostly only in hospitals because internal bleeding occurs.
- The LMWH family works on factor number 10 only Xa .
Pharmacological action
- There is a natural antithrombin in the body, but the presence of heparin increases its speed and effectiveness.
- Of course, heparin can be recycled within the body and reused by factors aII, Xa, and others
Uses:
- Heparin should be used in surgeries to prevent clots in the veins during the operation.
- For a pregnant woman, heparin cannot pass the placenta because of the negative charge, so the fetus will not bleed.
- It is used to treat pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis.
Side effects:
- bleeding is the most common and an antidote should be used in overdose.
- Osteoporosis occurs when prolonged heparin is used.
- Low platelet count.