Hypertension ( Definition, types, risk factors and clinical manifestations )
Definition:
It is the continuation of a certain period of high blood pressure in the artery, where the rise in systolic blood pressure is more than 140 mm Hg or a rise in diastolic blood pressure is more than 90 mm Hg.
Types of hypertension:
1- primary hypertension: 90 percent of cases suffer from primary type of hypertension, and the etiology of this type is unknown.
2- secondary hypertension: 10 percent of cases suffer from secondary hypertension, and the etiology for this type is as follows:
A) renal and adrenal disease.
B)neurogenic and thyroid disorders.
C) toxaemia of pregnancy.
D) coarctation of the aorta.
E) drug induced hypertension such as : nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , Alcohols, acetaminophen and Antidepressants ( The medicines mentioned in the example sometimes cannot cause hypertension, but their use can lead to temporary, not chronic, high blood pressure)
Risk factors that may lead to hypertension:
1- diabetes
2- obesity
3- stressful lifestyle
4- smoking
5- age
6- high dietary intake of sodium
7- family history
Clinical manifestations:
1- symptoms: most patients are asymptomatic.
2- signs ( systolic / diastolic):
A) normal : >120 / >80
B) pre-hypertension: 120-139/ 80-89
C) stage I hypertension: 140-159/90-99
D) stage II hypertension: >160/>100
E) stage III hypertension: >180/>110
3- laboratory tests:
A) urinalysis: sugar, protein, casts, red blood cell and pus.
B) blood: hemoglobins and thyroxine.
C) electrocardiogram (ECG)