Anti-hypertensives (diuretic part 1 )
Drugs:
1- Thiazide:
A) Chlorothiazide
B) Chlorthalidone
C) Hydrochlorothiazide
D) Indapamide
E) Metolazone
2- Loop diuretic:
A) Bumetanide
B) Ethacrynic acid
C) Torsemide
D) Furosemide
3- Potassium-sparing:
A) Amiloride
B) Eplerenone
C) Spironolactone
D) Triamterene
4- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAi):
A) Acetazolamide
5- Osmotic:
A) Mannitol
B) Urea
Mechanism of action:
1- Acetazolamide: It inhibits carbonic anhydrase, which leads to increased excretion of NaHCO3.
2- Mannitol: It increases the excretion of H2O.
3- Loop diuretics: This group works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter, which leads to an increase in the excretion of Na, K and Cl.
4- Thiazide diuretic: This group works by inhibiting the sodium-chloride transporter, which leads to an increase in the excretion of NaCl.
5- aldosterone antagonist receptors: Increased excretion of both sodium and potassium.
Pharmacological action:
1- Thiazide ( decrease peripheral vascular resistance due to relaxation of vascular):
A) decrease urinary excretion: calcium
B) increase urinary excretion: sodium and potassium.
2- Loop diuretic ( increase renal blood flow):
A) decrease urinary excretion: nothing
B) increase urinary excretion: sodium, potassium and calcium.
3- Potassium-sparing:
A) decrease urinary excretion: potassium
B) increase urinary excretion: sodium
4- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAi):
A) decrease urinary excretion: nothing
B) increase urinary excretion: sodium, potassium and bicarbonate.
5- Osmotic: only excretion of H2O