Anti-hypertensives ( diuretics part 1 )

 




Anti-hypertensives (diuretic part 1 ) 

Drugs: 

1- Thiazide: 

A) Chlorothiazide 

B) Chlorthalidone 

C) Hydrochlorothiazide

D) Indapamide 

E) Metolazone 

2- Loop diuretic: 

A) Bumetanide

B) Ethacrynic acid

C) Torsemide

D) Furosemide 

3- Potassium-sparing:

A) Amiloride 

B) Eplerenone 

C) Spironolactone

D) Triamterene

4- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAi): 

A) Acetazolamide

5- Osmotic: 

A) Mannitol

B) Urea

Mechanism of action: 

1- Acetazolamide: It inhibits carbonic anhydrase, which leads to increased excretion of NaHCO3.

2- Mannitol: It increases the excretion of H2O.

3- Loop diuretics: This group works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter, which leads to an increase in the excretion of Na, K and Cl.

4- Thiazide diuretic: This group works by inhibiting the sodium-chloride transporter, which leads to an increase in the excretion of NaCl.

5- aldosterone antagonist receptors: Increased excretion of both sodium and potassium.

Pharmacological action: 

1- Thiazide ( decrease peripheral vascular resistance due to relaxation of vascular): 

A) decrease urinary excretion: calcium 

B) increase urinary excretion: sodium and potassium. 

2- Loop diuretic ( increase renal blood flow): 

A) decrease urinary excretion: nothing 

B) increase urinary excretion: sodium, potassium and calcium. 

3- Potassium-sparing: 

A) decrease urinary excretion: potassium 

B) increase urinary excretion: sodium 

4- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAi): 

A) decrease urinary excretion: nothing 

B) increase urinary excretion: sodium, potassium and bicarbonate. 

5- Osmotic: only excretion of H2O

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