Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system( Ipratropium , Tropicamide and cyclopentolate )


 

Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system( Ipratropium , Tropicamide and cyclopentolate ) 


Ipratropium: 

Structure: 

It is a quaternary derivative of atropine, and it is charged So IPratropium can not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS). 

Pharmacological action: 

For the respiratory system, Ipratropium works to expand the bronchi in the lung because the Ipratropium is from the cholinergic antagonist group.

Uses: 

Ipratropium is used in patients suffering from asthma or patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD ), knowing Ipratropium is used as an inhaler. 

Side effect: 

As atropine :

  • Dry mouth 
  • Tachycardia 
  • Constipation 
  • Blurred vision 
  • Xerostomia 
  • Increase body temperature 
  • Glaucoma 
  • Urinary retention 
  • Restlessness 
  • Confusion 
  • Hallucinations 
  • Delirium


Tropicamide and cyclopentolate


Duration of action: 

  1. Tropicamide: 6 hours 
  2. cyclopentolate: 24 hours 
  3. atropine: 7-14 days

Pharmacological action:

For the eye, cyclopentolate and tropicamide act to dilate the pupil (mydriasis).

Uses: 

1. In the eye, measurement of refractive errors.

2. No eye pain due to sudden increases in eye pressure in patient with closed-angle glucoma.

3. Are generally favored for producing mydriasis in ophthalmic examinations than Atropine due to their short of action.

Side effect: 

As atropine :

  • Dry mouth and eye  
  • Tachycardia 
  • Constipation 
  • Blurred vision 
  • Xerostomia 
  • Increase body temperature 
  • Glaucoma 
  • Urinary retention 
  • Restlessness 
  • Confusion 
  • Hallucinations 
  • Delirium

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