Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system( Ipratropium , Tropicamide and cyclopentolate )
Ipratropium:
Structure:
It is a quaternary derivative of atropine, and it is charged So IPratropium can not penetrate the central nervous system (CNS).
Pharmacological action:
For the respiratory system, Ipratropium works to expand the bronchi in the lung because the Ipratropium is from the cholinergic antagonist group.
Uses:
Ipratropium is used in patients suffering from asthma or patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD ), knowing Ipratropium is used as an inhaler.
Side effect:
As atropine :
- Dry mouth
- Tachycardia
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
- Xerostomia
- Increase body temperature
- Glaucoma
- Urinary retention
- Restlessness
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Delirium
Tropicamide and cyclopentolate
Duration of action:
- Tropicamide: 6 hours
- cyclopentolate: 24 hours
- atropine: 7-14 days
Pharmacological action:
For the eye, cyclopentolate and tropicamide act to dilate the pupil (mydriasis).
Uses:
1. In the eye, measurement of refractive errors.
2. No eye pain due to sudden increases in eye pressure in patient with closed-angle glucoma.
3. Are generally favored for producing mydriasis in ophthalmic examinations than Atropine due to their short of action.
Side effect:
As atropine :
- Dry mouth and eye
- Tachycardia
- Constipation
- Blurred vision
- Xerostomia
- Increase body temperature
- Glaucoma
- Urinary retention
- Restlessness
- Confusion
- Hallucinations
- Delirium