Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system( Atropine ) 

Atropine

Structure: 

It is a tertiary amine belladonna. 

Can atropine penetrate the central nervous system?

Yes, atropine can penetrate the central nervous system because it is uncharged. 

Pharmacological action: 

1- Atropine dilates the pupil of the eye (mydriasis).

2- For the digestive system, atropine works to reduce bowel movement, meaning that it works opposite to Bethanechol, which was working to increase bowel movement.

3- The atropine works to reduce secretions such as flames and sweat tears, in contrast to the Pilocarpine, which was working to increase the secretion of saliva, tears and sweat.

Uses: 

1- Most ophthalmologists use atropine for the eye to measure several things related to vision correction.

2- For the digestive system, atropine is used as an antispasmodic.

3- Atropine is used for a person who suffers from enuresis.

4- Atropine is used as a cholinergic agonist because it is considered to be a group that acts on a cholinergic block, so atropine competes for the muscarinic receptor.

Side effect: 

• Dry mouth and eye 
• Tachycardia 
• Constipation 
• Blurred vision 
• Xerostomia 
• Increase body temperature 
• Glaucoma 
• Urinary retention 
• Restlessness 
• Confusion 
• Hallucinations 
• Delirium

Scopolamine 

Structure:

It is a tertiary amine belladonna. 

Can scopolamine penetrate the central nervous system?

Yes, scopolamine can penetrate the central nervous system because it is uncharged.

Duration of action: 

Scopolamine works longer than atropine.

Pharmacological action: 

1- For the digestive system, scopolamine works to reduce bowel movement, meaning that it works opposite to Bethanechol, which was working to increase bowel movement.

2-The atropine works to reduce secretions such as flames and sweat tears, in contrast to the Pilocarpine, which was working to increase the secretion of saliva, tears and sweat.

3- For the central nervous system, scopolamine acts on temporary amnesia.

Uses: 

1- used with anesthetic drugs. 

2- anti-motion sickness. 

Side effect: 

1-In higher doses the scopolamine works on excitements.

2-drug abuse.

3- as atropine:

• Dry mouth and eye 
• Tachycardia 
• Constipation 
• Blurred vision 
• Xerostomia 
• Increase body temperature 
• Glaucoma 
• Urinary retention 
• Restlessness 
• Confusion 
• Hallucinations 
• Delirium

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