Autonomic nervous system ( Neurotransmitters)
How are neurotransmitters transmitted from a neuron to a neighboring neuron?
The nerve impulse is transmitted from one nerve cell to another nerve cell through the arrival of neurotransmitters to the nerve cell and its entry into vesicles. When these neurotransmitters enter these vesicles, calcium ions also enter through calcium channels located on the nerve cell wall of the nerve cell itself. Calcium is bound to these laden vesicles. of neurotransmitters and pushes them into the pre-synaptic cleft. When these vesicles are attached to the synaptic cleft, these vesicles dissolve and the neurotransmitters exit and are transmitted to another neighboring neuron through channels sensitive to potential difference. This process occurs when depolarization occurs, and all these processes continue until neurotransmitters arrive from the central nervous system. in the brain to the target organ
The speed of transmission of a nerve impulse depends on the presence of the myelin sheath and its thickness. The more myelin sheath is present and its thickness is greater, the faster the nerve impulse
The anatomy of the neuron:
- Dendrite
- Soma
- Axon
- Node if ranvier
- Axon terminal
- Schwann cell
- Myelin sheath
- Nucleus
The most common neurotransmitters:
- Adrenaline ( norepinephrine and epinephrine)
- Acetylcholine
- Dopamine
- Serotonin
- Alpha- aminobutyric acid
Acetylcholine and Adrenaline in the autonomic nervous system:
- Neurons that transmit acetylcholine are called cholinergic
- Neurons that transmit adrenaline are called Adrenergic
- The receptor that recognizes acetylcholine and allows it to bind is called cholinergic receptors
- The receptor that recognizes adrenaline and allows it to bind is called Adrenergic receptors
- Drug act on receptors that bind with acetylcholine called cholinergic receptors
- Drug act on receptors that bind with adrenaline called adrenergic receptors